Implementing the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion Article Structure in Engineering Education based on Problem-based Learning

The organization of knowledge influences how effectively students learn, so that if the information are well structured and the knowledge acquisition process is carried out in a systemic way, one can more effectively retrieve pieces of knowledge. To tackle this problem a common document format used in academia, IMRaD (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion), can help students in natural science and engineering education to approach the problem of knowledge organization in a systemic way from the beginning of the learning process. In this study, we explore the use of the IMRaD format for students pursuing undergraduate and master's degrees as a tool for learning whilst making the project report more comprehensible for readers. The predefined document structure cannot be considered the solution to all learning issues and it should not limit the unpredictability, which is necessary during the creative thinking typical of the research environment

Implementing the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion Article Structure in Engineering Education based on Problem-based Learning

The organization of knowledge influences how effectively students learn, so that if the information are well structured and the knowledge acquisition process is carried out in a systemic way, one can more effectively retrieve pieces of knowledge. To tackle this problem a common document format used in academia, IMRaD (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion), can help students in natural science and engineering education to approach the problem of knowledge organization in a systemic way from the beginning of the learning process. In this study, we explore the use of the IMRaD format for students pursuing undergraduate and master's degrees as a tool for learning whilst making the project report more comprehensible for readers. The predefined document structure cannot be considered the solution to all learning issues and it should not limit the unpredictability, which is necessary during the creative thinking typical of the research environment

Exploring Decentralized Ammonia Synthesis for Hydrogen Storage and Transport: A Comprehensive CFD Investigation with Experimental Validation and Parametric Study

Hydrogen energy plays a vital role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral society but faces challenges in storage and transport, as well as in production due to fluctuations in renewable electricity generation. Ammonia (NH 3), as a carbon-neutral hydrogen carrier, offers a promising solution to the energy storage and transport problem. To realize its potential and support the development of a hydrogen economy, exploring NH 3 synthesis in a decentralized form that integrates with distributed hydrogen production systems is highly needed. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the Ruthenium (Ru) catalysts-based Haber–Bosch reactor is developed. First, a state-of-the-art kinetic model comprehensively describing the complex catalytic reaction is assessed for its sensitivity and applicability to temperature, pressure and conversion. Then, the kinetic model is integrated into the CFD model, and its accuracy is verified through comparison with experimental data obtained from different Ru-based catalysts and operation conditions. Detailed CFD results for a given case are presented, offering a visual understanding of thermal gradients and species distributions inside the reactor. Finally, a CFD-based parametric study is performed to reveal the impacts of key operation parameters and optimize the NH 3 synthesis reactor. The results show that the NH 3 production rate is predominantly influenced by temperature, with a two-fold difference observed for every 30 °C variation, while pressure primarily affects the equilibrium. Additionally, the affecting mechanism of space velocity is thoroughly discussed and the best value for efficient NH 3 synthesis is found to be 180,000 h −1. In conclusion, the CFD model and simulation results provide valuable insights for the design and control of decentralized NH 3 synthesis reactor and operation, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.</p

Day-ahead Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vessel with Different PEM Fuel Cell Modular Configurations

The increasing demand for decarbonization of marine transportation motivates the utilization of low-carbon resources. Among different options, fuel cells are drawing attention. The selection of fuel cell (FC) and the design of energy management strategy would have a great impact on the vessel’s operational efficiency, and thereby needs to be considered carefully. The objective of this paper is to develop energy management system (EMS) to reduce the fuel consumption of a hybrid fuel cell/battery ship. To this end, a day-ahead EMS scheme is proposed that takes full use of information including ship cruising routines and the degradation status of the fuel cell modules. The developed EMS is optimization-based and conducted off-line to provide guideline for the next-day power generation plan. In addition, three power allocating strategies across the multiple fuel cell modules are considered and compared (equal, independent, and sequential). A sequential rotation procedure is proposed to reduce the degradation rates of the fuel cell modules. Simulation results show that the proposed EMS can effectively improve the fuel economy of the hybrid ship while enhancing sufficient energy backup throughout the full voyage. In addition, comparisons between different FC configurations implies that the independent distribution has the highest fuel efficiency, and with the proposed rotation procedure, the sequential distribution can effectively improve the fuel efficiency by up to 23.2%